Comparison of Preemptive Intravenous Ketorolac vs Intravenous Paracetamol on Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgeries under General Anesthesia: A Prospective Randomized Comparative Study
R Nisarga, G Madhuri, Sowmya Madihalli Janardhan Iyengar, Shankar Kantharaju
Keywords :
Analgesia, General anesthesia, Laparoscopic, Ketorolac, Paracetamol
Background and objectives: Laparoscopic procedures have the advantage of early recovery, but the majority of patients will experience moderate to severe pain, requiring effective pain relief during the postoperative period. Paracetamol is an important component of a multimodal analgesic treatment plan. Preemptive intravenous (IV) ketorolac produces significant opioid-sparing effects following laparoscopic surgeries. There is a lack of studies comparing the effects of preemptive IV ketorolac and IV paracetamol on postoperative pain. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of the preemptive use of IV paracetamol and IV ketorolac for the management of postoperative pain after laparoscopic surgeries under general anesthesia.
Materials and methods: After ethics committee approval, a prospective double-blinded randomized controlled study was conducted among patients aged 18–60 years scheduled for elective laparoscopic surgeries under general anesthesia. A total of 54 patients were enrolled and divided into two groups (K and P), each comprising 27 patients. Patients in group K received IV ketorolac, while those in group P received IV paracetamol as postoperative analgesia.
Results: Intraoperative—group K had significantly higher heart rates (HRs) at 30 and 60 minutes compared to group P. The p-values calculated at 15, 45, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, and 150 minutes were found to be 0.5907, 0.1267, 0.7242, 0.5611, 0.3187, 0.4356, 0.0922, and 0.1640, respectively, and were not statistically significant. Group P exhibited significantly higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) at 60, 90, and 105 minutes compared to group K. Postoperative—patients in group K had slightly higher SBP at 30, 45, 60, and 120 minutes compared to those in group P. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores and the usage of rescue drugs (tramadol) were higher in group P. The time to first rescue analgesic usage was longer in group K compared to group P.
Conclusion: Ketorolac serves as a better analgesic compared to paracetamol when used for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries under general anesthesia.
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