Introduction: Breast diseases are showing rising trend worldwide. Benign breast disease (BBD) is the most common cause of breast problem among women with prevalence rate of 68% among all breast lesions in India. It is more frequent than malignancy. Making an early diagnosis and planning the treatment help in alleviating unnecessary anxiety about breast cancer, and those with an increased risk of malignancy like atypical hyperplasia are given prompt treatment, follow-up, and awareness regarding the risk of breast cancer. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a relatively simple, reliable, nontraumatic, complication-free technique for breast lump evaluation. Materials and methods: This study was done on a total of 55 female patients attending hospital for a period of 1 year in Tumkur, Karnataka. The FNAC technique was done with 23G needle attached to 10 mL syringe inserted into palpable breast mass. Cellular material aspirated and smeared on glass slide, fixed in 95% methanol, stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Air-dried slides were stained with Giemsa. Histopathological diagnosis was correlated with FNAC details in all cases. All the collected data were transferred into a master sheet and fed into computer for statistical analysis using Pearson's Chi-square test. Results: In our study the patients belonged to age group of 14 to 65 years with a median of 37.5 years. Irrespective of sides, maximum numbers of cases were found in upper and outer quadrants. Maximum malignant lesions were in the age group of 45 to 49 years, whereas benign lesions were maximum in 30 to 34 years age group. The commonest pathology found in our study was fibroadenoma (51%) followed by ductal carcinoma (27%). In our study out of 55 patients, 2 cases where FNAC showed benign proliferative breast disease, histopathological examination (HPE) report suggested infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC). Another 1 case where FNAC showed fibrocystic disease with atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), HPE report turned it out as IDC. Sensitivity of 75% specificity 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) 100%, and negative predictive value of 93% were obtained. Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a very important preliminary diagnostic tool in palpable breast lumps and results show high degree of correlation with final HPE report.