The Journal of Medical Sciences

Register      Login

VOLUME 11 , ISSUE 1--4 ( January-December, 2025 ) > List of Articles

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Insights into Cervical Carcinoma: Clinicopathological Analysis at a Tertiary Care Center

Sumedha Gupta, Sana Ahuja, Dheer S Kalwaniya

Keywords : Awareness, Cancer, Cervix, Clinicopathological, Screening

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10045-00327

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 15-01-2025

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2025; The Author(s).


Abstract

Aim: To investigate the clinicopathological spectrum of cervical cancers at a tertiary care center to evaluate the scenario in North India. Materials and methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted jointly by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Department of Pathology at Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital over 18 months, spanning from January 2022 to July 2023. Histopathological diagnoses were correlated with age, symptoms, Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging, and other pertinent clinical details. Biostatistical analysis was performed utilizing the Student's t-test for quantitative data. A p-value < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. Results: A total of 162 cases of cervical neoplasia were identified. Most cases (77.77%, 126 cases) were classified as squamous cell carcinoma, followed by adenocarcinoma, constituting only 16.04% (26 cases), with a mean age of 47.5 years. The predominant symptoms reported were vaginal discharge (65.43%), followed by postmenopausal bleeding (44.44%) and lower abdominal pain (32.09%). The most common presentation stage was stage IIB, accounting for 33.33% (52 cases). Conclusion: Histomorphology remains pivotal in the diagnosis of cervical cancers. In settings with low compliance rates, such as ours, colposcopy-guided biopsy emerges as the preferred management approach, particularly in elderly females, to definitively diagnose or rule out neoplasia. Clinical significance: The implementation of a national-level cervical cancer program is imperative and should encompass initiatives such as human papillomavirus vaccination, awareness campaigns, screening programs, and treatment support for individuals from low socioeconomic backgrounds.


PDF Share
  1. Guida F, Kidman R, Ferlay J, et al. Global and regional estimates of orphans attributed to maternal cancer mortality in 2020. Nat Med 2022;28:2563–2572. DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-02109-2
  2. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2021;71(3):209–249. DOI: 10.3322/caac.21660
  3. Denny L. Cervical cancer: prevention and treatment. Discov Med 2012;14:125–131. PMID: 22935209.
  4. Shastri SS, Mittra I, Mishra GA, et al. Effect of VIA screening by primary health workers: randomized controlled study in Mumbai, India. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014;106(3). DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju009
  5. Mostafa MG, Srivannaboon S, Rachanawutanon M. Accuracy of cytological findings in abnormal cervical smears by cytohistologic comparison. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2000;43:23–29. PMID: 12583415.
  6. Bobdey S, Sathwara J, Jain A, et al. Burden of cervical cancer and role of screening in India. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2016;37(4):278–285. DOI: 10.4103/0971-5851.195751
  7. Witkiewicz AK. Carcinoma and other tumors of the cervix. In: Kurman RJ, Ellenson LH, Ronnett BM, editors. Blaustein's Pathology of the Female Genital Tract. 6th ed. New York: Springer; 2011. pp. 261–273.
  8. Rosai J, Ackerman LV. Uterus - cervix. In: Rosai J, editor. Rosai and Ackerman's Surgical Pathology. 10th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier Mosby; 2011. pp. 1447–1453.
  9. WHO/ICO Information Centre on Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and Cervical Cancer. (a) Human Papillomavirus and Related. Cancers in India. Summary Report; 2009. Available from: http://www.who.int/hpvcentre/en/. [Last accessed on 2015 Nov 25].
  10. Kaveri SB, Khandelwal S. Role of PAP smear N cervical biopsy in unhealthy cervix. J Sci Innov Res 2015;4(1):4–9.
  11. Jemal A, Thomas A, Murray T, et al. Cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin 2002;52(1):23–47. DOI: 10.3322/canjclin.52.1.23
  12. Bal MS, Goyal R, Suri AK, et al. Detection of abnormal cervical cytology in Papanicolaou smears. J Cytol 2012;29(1):45–47. DOI: 10.4103/0970-9371.93222
  13. Bhojani KR, Garg R. Cytopathological study of cervical smears and correlation of findings with risk factors. Int J Biol Med Res 2011;2(3):757–761.
  14. Liu S, Semenciw R, Mao Y. Cervical cancer: the increasing incidence of adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma in younger women. CMAJ 2001;164(8):1151–1152. PMID: 11338801.
  15. Castle PE, Pierz A, Stoler MH. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the attribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in neuroendocrine cancers of the cervix. Gynecol Oncol 2018;148:422–429. DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.12.001
  16. Olu-Eddo AN, Ekanem VJ, Umannah I, et al. A 20 year histopathological study of cancer of the cervix in Nigerians. Nig Q J Hosp Med 2011;21:149–153. PMID: 21913514.
  17. Okoye CA. Histopathological pattern of cervical cancer in Benin City, Nigeria. J Med Investig Pract 2014;9:147–150.
  18. Abudu EK, Banjo AA, Izegbu MC, et al. Histopathological pattern of carcinoma of cervix in Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria. NQJHM 2006;16:80–84. DOI: 10.4314/nqjhm.v16i3.12802
  19. Pathak TB, Pun CB, Shrestha S, et al. Incidence, trends and histopathological pattern of cervical malignancies at BP Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital Nepal. J Pathol Nepal 2013;3:386–389. DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v3i5.7863
  20. Ikechebelu JI, Onyiaorah IV, Ugboaja JO, et al. Clinicopathological analysis of cervical cancer seen in a tertiary health facility in Nnewi, South-East Nigeria. J Obstet Gynaecol 2010;30:299–301. DOI: 10.3109/01443610903531394
  21. Adegoke O, Kulasingam S, Virnig B. Cervical cancer trends in the United States: a 35-year population-based analysis. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2012;21:1031–1037. DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2011.3385
  22. Sharma A, Kulkarni V, Bhaskaran U, et al. Profile of cervical cancer patients attending tertiary care hospitals of Mangalore, Karnataka: a 4 year retrospective study. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2017;8(1):125–129. DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.198354
  23. Gakidou E, Stella N, Ziad O. Coverage of cervical cancer screening in 57 countries: low average levels and large inequalities. PLoS Med 2009;5:e132. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050132
  24. Shruthi PS, Kalyani R, Kai LJ, et al. Clinicopathological correlation of cervical carcinoma: a tertiary hospital based study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014;15:1671–1674. DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.4.1671
  25. Patil N, Deshmukh V, Rathid A, et al. Clinicopathological correlation of cervical carcinoma: a tertiary hospital-based study. Int J Sci Stud 2019;6(10):1–4.
  26. Jain R, Nigam RK, Malik R, et al. Clinicopathological presentation of cervical cancer in Bhopal. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2019;40:S33–S37. DOI: 10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_185_17
  27. Goellner JR. Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation. Rochester, Minnesota 55901. Available from: https://www.academic.our.Com/ajcp/articleabstract/66/5/775/1770640 by guest.
  28. Kalyani R, Das S, Bindra Singh MS, et al. Cancer profile in the department of pathology of Sri Devaraj URS medical college, Kolar: a ten years study. Indian J Cancer 2010;47:160–165. DOI: 10.4103/0019-509X.63011
  29. Miller AB, Chamberlain J, Day NE, et al. Report on a workshop of the UICC project on evaluation of screening for cancer. Int J Cancer 1990;46:761–769. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910460502
  30. Bosch FX, de Sanjosé S. Chapter 1: Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer – burden and assessment of causality. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2003;(31):3–13. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jncimonographs.a003479
  31. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (c). Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Genital HPV. Infection – CDC Fact Sheet. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/STD/HPV/STDFact-HPV. htm. [Last accessed on 2009 Dec 25].
  32. Monsonego J, Bosch FX, Coursaget P, et al. Cervical cancer control, priorities and new directions. Int J Cancer 2004;108:329–333. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.11530
  33. Soares GR, Vieira Rda R, Pellizzer EP, et al. Indications for the HPV vaccine in adolescents: a review of the literature. J Infect Public Health 2015;8:105–116. DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2014.08.011
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.